Technical paper

Using options theory for commodity spreads

Market risk for a real option asset can be effectively managed using a spread option model. Raymond Cheng and Walt Tyrrell demonstrate the enhanced risk-adjusted performance of optional refinery capacity with a historical back test

An indirect view from the saddle

The saddlepoint method has become established as a tool for portfolio analysis. In this article, Richard Martin and Roland Ordovas review the main concepts and show that there are two essentially distinct ways of applying it to conditional independence…

Dynamic frailties and credit portfolio modelling

Martin Delloye, Jean-David Fermanian and Mohammed Sbai estimate and discuss a reduced-form credit portfolio model in a proportional hazard framework. They propose an innovative method of generating flexible amounts of dependence between underlying…

Dealing with seller's risk

The risk of trade receivables securitisations comes from both the pool of assets and the seller of the assets. Vivien Brunel develops a model for securitisation exposures that deals with both risks, and analyses in detail the interplay between debtors'…

Delta hedging the load-serving deal

In this article Andrew Klingler takes a closer look at the residual risk when a load-serving contract is hedged with forwards. The residual risk components are described quantitatively and a formula for the minimum variance hedge is outlined

BMW Personal Finance

BMW Personal Finance recently entered the UK retail market with this balance bond, in partnership with Newcastle Building Society. While this is the first such UK offering for the car manufacturer's financial division, a structured certificate has also…

ING Bank

ING Bank recently launched this DJ Eurostoxx 50-linked product in both the Netherlands and Germany. This product was offered as an alternative to Dutch investors for the similarly structured 130% Dutch Bonus Note, based on the AEX

Deutsche Bank

This product, issued by Deutsche Bank, is distributed by Citibank in Belgium. While 20 out of the 368 products recorded so far in 2006 were linked to Euribor, this product, now in its third issue, is based on a unique payoff

Bank of Ireland

Bank of Ireland's Isle of Man operation has recently celebrated its 25th anniversary on the island with the launch of the sterling-denominated Silver Anniversary Bond. The product was also made available via the Isle of Man local post offices as the…

Intensity gamma

Mark Joshi and Alan Stacey develop a new model for correlation of credit defaults based on a financially intuitive concept of business time similar to that in the variance gamma model for stock price evolution

Beyond Black-Litterman in practice

In principle, the copula-opinion pooling (COP) approach extends the Black-Litterman methodology to non-normally distributed markets and views. However, the implementations of the COP framework presented so far rely on restrictive quasi-normal assumptions…

Modelling and estimating dependent loss given default

Martin Hillebrand proposes a portfolio credit risk model with dependent loss given default (LGD), offering a reasonable economic interpretation that is easily applicable to real data. He builds a precise mathematical framework, and stresses some…

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