Commodity Input and Resulting Currency Risk
Foreword
Introduction
Theory and Practice of Corporate Risk Management
Theory and Practice of Optimal Capital Structure
Introduction to Funding and Capital Structure
How to Obtain a Credit Rating
Refinancing Risk and Optimal Debt Maturity
Optimal Cash Position
Optimal Leverage
Introduction to Interest Rate and Inflation Risks
How to Develop an Interest Rate Risk Management Policy
How to Improve Your Fixed-Floating Mix and Duration
Interest Rates: The Most Efficient Hedging Product
Do You Need Inflation-linked Debt?
Prehedging Interest Rate Risk
Pension Fund Asset and Liability Management
Introduction to Currency Risk
How to Develop Currency Risk Management Policy
Translation or Transaction: Netting Currency Risks
Early Warning Signals
How to Hedge High Carry Currencies
Currency Risk on Covenants
Optimal Currency Composition of Debt 1: Protect Book Value
Optimal Currency Composition of Debt 2: Protect Leverage
Cyclicality of Currencies and Use of Options to Manage Credit Utilisation
Managing the Depegging Risk
Currency Risk in Luxury Goods
Introduction to Credit Risk
Counterparty Risk Methodology
Counterparty Risk Protection
Optimal Deposit Composition
Prehedging Credit Risk
xVA Optimisation
Introduction to M&A-related Risks
Risk Management for M&A
Deal-contingent Hedging
Introduction to Commodity Risk
Managing Commodity-linked Revenues and Currency Risk
Managing Commodity-linked Costs and Currency Risk
Commodity Input and Resulting Currency Risk
Offsetting Carbon Emissions
Introduction to Equity Risk
Hedging Dilution Risk
Hedging Deferred Compensation
Stake-building
In this chapter, we continue the discussion of risks due to commodity costs and currencies. What is new here is that the underlying commodity is priced and traded in a currency that is different from the reporting currency of our company.
BACKGROUND
Mocha is a EUR-reporting company that buys Arabica coffee in the world markets. The benchmark coffee contract, Coffee “C”, is priced in USD. This contract11 For more details, see https://www.theice.com/products/15/Coffee-C-Futures. fixes a future price for physical delivery of exchange-grade green beans from one of 19 countries of origin in a licenced warehouse to one of several ports in the US and Europe. There are five maturity dates: March, May, July, September and December, from which we can interpolate the value of the contract for any maturity from one to 12 months. For example, the history of a 12-month interpolated C contract is shown in Figure 38.1. The contract is priced in USD/lb and the size of the contract is 37,500 lbs.
As we can see, coffee is a volatile commodity. Its annual volatility of returns is 32%. The procurement department of Mocha is mandated to reduce this volatility, which is normally done via C
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