Bridging theory and practice: Setting investment objectives

Yoram Lustig and Sébastien Page

This chapter will detail the first step of the portfolio management process: setting investment objectives (see Figure 7.1). It highlights how goals, risks and investment constraints impact portfolio construction. Before constructing and managing a portfolio, investors must clarify what they are trying to achieve, and they must realise that risk means a chance of not achieving their goals.

Investment objectives must cover both return and risk. Portfolio construction strikes the balance between the potential reward (the desired outcome) and risk (the chance of not achieving the goal). Investing is probabilistic, not deterministic. Unlike uncertainty, which is not quantifiable, risk is quantifiable (Knight, 1921), so investors can estimate the distribution of potential outcomes. Investors should have reasonable expectations, calibrated with prevalent market conditions, and appreciate the element of luck and timing, hoping for the best but preparing for the worst. Investing requires patience, while recognising and respecting the different risks.

Figure 7.1

Portfolio construction must also account for constraints that prevent investors from constructing the

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