Do you know who is who? Three lines of defence in the context of NFR
Bina Lehmann
Foreword
Preface
Introduction
Introduction to Part I: The origins of non-financial risk management
The complete history of operational risk regulation (abridged)
Financial institutions and non-financial risk: Learning from the corporate approach
The painful financial side of NFR
“Risk management is about managing risk” and “It’s all about people”: Psychology might be more important than models
The confusion of Babel: What’s in the name NFR – taxonomy
Introduction to Part II: Governance of non-financial risk management
“It’s the culture, stupid”: Risk culture as the key building block of NFR management – and why some banks have come through the Covid-19 pandemic better than others
Do you know who is who? Three lines of defence in the context of NFR
Herding cats? NFR divisions as truly diverse units
“Just do it!”: Partially self-organising governance structures for NFR frameworks
Introduction to Part III: Tools and instruments for non-financial risk management
A risk by any other name: Identification, classification and agendas
Old but gold? Mastering the RCSA despite Covid-19
Biases in scenario analyses and how to mitigate them
When scenarios are not severe enough: Stress testing for non-financial risk
Ending NFR in NFR: From Excel sheets to professional IT systems for NFR management
Breaking up with risk management: Using the power of controls for good not the prevention of evil
Introduction to Part IV: Focus areas of non-financial risk management
It won’t be over after Covid-19: Pandemics and operational resilience
Dealing with IT complexity and innovation: Delivering business resilience and customer outcomes
Protecting the new gold: Information security
Conduct risk and the impact of Covid-19
From lawsuits to models: Compliance risk and financial crime
Others are doing it cheaper: But can they really? Opportunities and risks in outsourcing
Managing reputation and stakeholders
Introduction to Part V: The future of non-financial risk management
ESG risk as a new (and very important) trigger for NFR
Looking into the crystal ball: What will NFR management look like in 2030?
This time will be different: An alternative future of NFR management
Right time, right place: The drive for change in operational and non-financial risk
Taking risks is an integral part of every decision. We cannot “not” take risks. This applies to business as well as private decisions. Going to (or staying in) bed is risky, as statistically most people die in bed. Getting up in the morning is also risky, as we may slip on a carpet and sprain an ankle. What we can do, however, is take risks smartly. Smart risk taking means identifying and taking risks consciously, not avoiding risks by all means. We all want to get up and go somewhere during our day, so it is better to mitigate that risk and purchase a non-skidding bedside carpet.
WHY DO WE NEED TO REVIEW RISK GOVERNANCE?
If all outcomes of a business decision were known, the gains and the losses, a business manager would be able to take the optimum decision in the best long-term interests of the company. An incentive system that appropriately represents the known gains and risks from a decision could be established to ensure this is happening, and a separate risk manager would not be needed. However, reality provides us with two fundamental challenges.
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Risk is about uncertainty. Niels Bohr put this tricky situation into words: “Prediction is very difficult, especially
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