The Changing Dynamics of Country Risk

Max Schieler

A key legacy of the global financial crisis is the realisation that country risk is still very much alive, and has in fact re-emerged as a major concern for all participants in cross-border business. This chapter will therefore explain the key components of country risk, evaluate country risk trends and examine financial institutions’ response to these trends.

The first section outlines the three main components of country risk: sovereign risk, transfer risk and “other” country risk, followed by a section that reveals how these traditional facets of country risk have evolved and experienced change in their relative importance over time. These trends include growing inter-linkages between sovereign and counterparty risks, the rising importance of “other” country risk and political risk, and the declining relevance of pure transfer risk. The third section explores banks’ response to an increasingly complex country risk landscape. This response includes the evolution towards a broader country risk concept, the replacement of rigid sovereign rating “caps” with more counterparty-specific evaluations of sovereign and country risk, and a move to complement the existing analysis

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