Applied risk management series: Venturing beyond VAR
In this article, Carlos Blanco and José Ramón Aragonés review the historical simulation methodology used to estimate value-at-risk and expected tail loss, while including adjustments to traditional assumptions that can help improve risk forecasts for energy and commodities portfolios
Value-at-risk and expected tail loss (ETL) are the pre-eminent ways of measuring financial market risk. The three main approaches used to estimate VAR and ETL are variance-covariance (also know as delta-normal, the RiskMetrics variance model, parametric or linear), Monte Carlo simulation and historical simulation (HS).
Many early adopters in the energy markets first implemented the variance
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